IT Glossary - ITU Online IT Training
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IT Glossary
Key Terms To Know In The IT Industry

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JTAPI (Java Telephony API)

An API for integrating Java applications with telephony services, enabling voice, fax, call control, and media management.

You will find this term commonly used in Telecommunications, Software Development

JTS (Java Topology Suite)

An API of 2D spatial predicates and functions for processing geometry.

You will find this term commonly used in GIS, Software Development

Jubula

An open-source automated functional testing tool for Java and HTML applications.

You will find this term commonly used in Software Testing, Automation

Julia

A high-level, high-performance dynamic programming language for technical computing, with syntax that is familiar to users of other technical computing environments.

You will find this term commonly used in Programming, Data Science

Jump Instruction

In computer programming, an instruction that causes the execution to jump to a different part of the program.

You will find this term commonly used in Software Development, Programming

Jump Server

A controlled entry point into a network or between network segments, often used in secure environments as a bridge for accessing internal systems.

You will find this term commonly used in Networking, Security

Juniper Networks Certified Internet Associate (JNCIA-Junos)

Validates the candidate's understanding of networking fundamentals and core functionality of the Juniper Networks Junos OS.

You will find this term commonly used in Networking

JUnit

A simple framework to write repeatable tests, with an emphasis on testing Java projects.

You will find this term commonly used in Software Testing, Software Development

JUnit Platform

The foundation for launching testing frameworks on the JVM, providing a TestEngine API for developing new testing frameworks that run on the platform.

You will find this term commonly used in Software Testing, Software Development

JUnit Runner

A component in the JUnit framework that allows for the execution of tests, supporting custom test runners for specialized testing scenarios.

You will find this term commonly used in Software Testing, Java

JUnit Test Suites

A collection of test cases, test classes, and other test suites combined into a single entity, so that tests can be executed together as a group.

You will find this term commonly used in Software Testing, Java

JUnit5

The next generation of JUnit, a new programming model for testing Java applications, with new features and improvements over its predecessor.

You will find this term commonly used in Software Testing, Software Development

Jupyter

An open-source project that supports interactive data science and scientific computing across all programming languages.

You will find this term commonly used in Data Science, Interactive Computing

Jupyter Kernels

The programming language-specific backends used by Jupyter interactive computing notebooks. Each kernel runs and interprets the code written in a notebook's cells.

You will find this term commonly used in Data Science, Interactive Computing

Jupyter Notebook

An open-source web application that allows you to create and share documents that contain live code, equations, visualizations, and narrative text.

You will find this term commonly used in Data Science, Machine Learning

Jupyter Notebook Extensions

Plugins or add-ons for Jupyter Notebooks that extend the functionality of the notebook environment with additional features, tools, and visualizations.

You will find this term commonly used in Data Science, Tooling

Jupyter Widgets

Interactive UI controls for Jupyter notebooks, allowing for interactive data visualization and user interfaces within Jupyter notebooks.

You will find this term commonly used in Data Science, Interactive Computing

JupyterHub

A multi-user version of the notebook designed for classrooms, labs, and data science teams, providing user management and integration with infrastructure.

You will find this term commonly used in Data Science, Collaboration

JupyterLab

An interactive development environment for notebooks, code, and data, extending the Jupyter Notebook project.

You will find this term commonly used in Data Science, Machine Learning

Just a Bunch Of Disks (JBOD)

A storage strategy that combines multiple hard drives into a single logical unit, but unlike RAID, does not provide any redundancy or performance improvement.

You will find this term commonly used in Storage, Hardware

Just Enough Administration (JEA)

A security technology that enables delegated administration for anything that can be managed with PowerShell.

You will find this term commonly used in Security, System Administration

Just Enough Operating System (JeOS)

A minimal operating system tailored to the specific needs of an application, such as a virtual appliance.

You will find this term commonly used in Operating Systems, Virtualization

Just-in-Time (JIT) Compiler

A component of the runtime environment that improves the performance of Java applications by compiling bytecode into native machine code at runtime.

You will find this term commonly used in Java, Performance Optimization

JVM (Java Virtual Machine)

An abstract machine that enables a computer to run a Java program.

You will find this term commonly used in Software Development, Programming

JVM Bytecode

The instruction set of the Java Virtual Machine. Java programs are compiled into bytecode, which JVM can interpret or JIT-compile to native machine code.

You will find this term commonly used in Programming, Java

JVM Heap

The runtime data area in the Java Virtual Machine from which memory for all class instances and arrays is allocated.

You will find this term commonly used in Programming, Java

JVM Language Compiler

A compiler for languages other than Java (like Kotlin, Scala, Groovy) that targets the JVM, enabling these languages to leverage the JVMâs capabilities.

You will find this term commonly used in Programming, Compilers

JVM Languages

Languages that are designed to run on the Java Virtual Machine, besides Java itself, such as Kotlin, Scala, and Groovy.

You will find this term commonly used in Programming, Software Development

JVM Profiler

A tool for profiling Java applications running on the Java Virtual Machine, providing insights into CPU, memory usage, and other metrics.

You will find this term commonly used in Performance Optimization, Software Development

JVM Profiling

The process of monitoring various metrics in the JVM, such as heap usage, method execution times, and thread usage, to identify bottlenecks and optimize performance.

You will find this term commonly used in Java, Performance Optimization

JVM Stack

The portion of memory that contains method calls and local variables during runtime, with each thread in a Java application having its own stack.

You will find this term commonly used in Programming, Java

JVM Startup Parameters

Command-line options that modify the behavior of the Java Virtual Machine, used to adjust performance characteristics and behavior of Java applications.

You will find this term commonly used in Performance Optimization, Java

JVM Tool Interface (JVMTI)

An interface used by development and monitoring tools to interact with the JVM.

You will find this term commonly used in Development Tools, Java

JVM Tuning

The process of optimizing the performance of the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) parameters that affect its behavior.

You will find this term commonly used in Performance Optimization, Java

JWS (Java Web Services)

A set of APIs for creating web services in Java. It includes standards and APIs for SOAP web services, RESTful web services, and more.

You will find this term commonly used in Web Development, Java

JWS (Java Web Start)

A framework developed by Sun Microsystems that allows users to start application software for the Java Platform directly from the Internet using a web browser.

You will find this term commonly used in Software Deployment, Java

JWT (JSON Web Token)

An open standard (RFC 7519) that defines a compact and self-contained way for securely transmitting information between parties as a JSON object.

You will find this term commonly used in Security, Web Development

JWT (JSON Web Token) Refresh Token

A special kind of token that can be used to obtain a renewed JWT, often used in authentication processes to allow users to stay authenticated without re-entering credentials.

You will find this term commonly used in Security, Authentication

Jython

An implementation of Python that runs on the Java platform, allowing the integration of Python and Java components.

You will find this term commonly used in Software Development, Programming

Jython Scripting

An implementation of Python that runs on the Java platform, allowing for Python scripts to interact with Java APIs and libraries.

You will find this term commonly used in Software Development, Python/Java

K-Anonymity

A property of anonymized data indicating that each record is indistinguishable from at least k-1 other records with respect to certain identifying attributes, used to protect privacy in data sets.

You will find this term commonly used in Data Privacy, Security

K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN)

A simple, versatile, and easy-to-implement supervised machine learning algorithm that can be used for classification and regression tasks, based on finding the most similar data points (neighbors) in the training data.

You will find this term commonly used in AI, Machine Learning

Kademlia

A distributed hash table for decentralized peer-to-peer computer networks, used in various decentralized services to improve scalability and fault tolerance.

You will find this term commonly used in Networking, Peer-to-Peer

Kafka (Apache Kafka)

A distributed streaming platform that lets you publish and subscribe to streams of records, store records in a fault-tolerant way, and process them as they occur.

You will find this term commonly used in Big Data, Messaging Systems

Kaspersky Anti-Virus

A proprietary antivirus program developed by Kaspersky Lab.

You will find this term commonly used in Cybersecurity

Kbps (Kilobits per second)

A unit of data transfer rate equal to 1,000 bits per second, used in telecommunications and computing to measure bandwidth.

You will find this term commonly used in Networking, Internet Technology

Keepalive

A message sent between two devices to check if the other is still available or to prevent a connection from timing out.

You will find this term commonly used in Networking, Internet Technology

Kerberos

A network authentication protocol designed to provide strong authentication for client/server applications by using secret-key cryptography.

You will find this term commonly used in Security, Cybersecurity

Kerberos Authentication

A network authentication protocol that uses tickets to allow nodes communicating over a non-secure network to prove their identity to one another in a secure manner.

You will find this term commonly used in Security, Network Authentication

Kerberos Authentication System

A secure method for authenticating a request for a service in a computer network. Kerberos uses secret-key cryptography and requires a trusted third party, and it is designed to authenticate users to network services securely.

You will find this term commonly used in Network Security, Authentication

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