IT Glossary - ITU Online IT Training
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IT Glossary
Key Terms To Know In The IT Industry

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IT Systems Engineering

The interdisciplinary field focused on the development and management of complex information systems through integration of hardware, software, and process engineering.

You will find this term commonly used in Development, General IT

IT Talent Management

The process of recruiting, developing, retaining, and optimizing skilled IT personnel to meet current and future organizational needs.

You will find this term commonly used in Human Resources, IT Management

IT Transformation

A comprehensive overhaul of an organization's IT operations, aiming to improve efficiency, reduce costs, and better support business goals. It involves the adoption of new technologies, processes, and models.

You will find this term commonly used in IT Management, IT Governance

IT Value Realization

The process of ensuring that IT investments achieve the expected benefits and contribute positively to the strategic objectives of the organization.

You will find this term commonly used in IT Management, Finance

IT Vendor Contract Management

The process of managing contracts with IT vendors, including negotiation, execution, compliance monitoring, and performance assessment, to ensure value and mitigate risks.

You will find this term commonly used in IT Management, General IT

IT Vendor Evaluation

The process of assessing and selecting IT vendors based on criteria such as price, quality, service, support, and reliability to ensure they meet organizational needs and standards.

You will find this term commonly used in IT Management, General IT

IT Vendor Management

The process by which organizations take appropriate measures to manage vendor relationships, ensuring that the agreements with technology vendors are fulfilled in accordance with the terms and conditions of the contract.

You will find this term commonly used in General IT, IT Management

IT Vendor Performance Management

The practice of monitoring and managing the performance and effectiveness of IT vendors to ensure they meet contractual obligations and contribute value to the organization.

You will find this term commonly used in IT Management, General IT

IT Workforce Development

Initiatives aimed at enhancing the skills and competencies of the IT workforce to keep pace with technological advancements and meet organizational demands.

You will find this term commonly used in Human Resources, IT Management

Item Response Theory (IRT)

A framework for modeling the probability of a discrete outcome, such as the correctness of a response to an item, based on the item's properties and the individual's latent traits. Used in educational assessment and psychological testing.

You will find this term commonly used in Data Analysis, Machine Learning

Iteration

In software development, the repetition of a process or set of instructions a specified number of times or until a specific condition is met. It is a fundamental part of programming loops.

You will find this term commonly used in Software Development

Iterative Development

A method of software development that involves repeated cycles (iterations) of development, where each iteration consists of planning, design, coding, and testing, allowing for incremental improvements to a project or system.

You will find this term commonly used in Software Development, Project Management

ITIL (Information Technology Infrastructure Library)

A set of detailed practices for IT service management (ITSM) that focuses on aligning IT services with the needs of business.

You will find this term commonly used in General IT

ITIL Continual Service Improvement

A phase within the ITIL framework focused on continually aligning and realigning IT services to changing business needs by identifying and implementing improvements to IT services that support business processes.

You will find this term commonly used in IT Service Management, IT Governance

ITIL Continual Service Improvement (CSI)

A stage in the ITIL service management cycle that focuses on ongoing improvements to IT services and processes, aiming to increase efficiency and effectiveness based on performance analysis and feedback.

You will find this term commonly used in IT Service Management, IT Governance

ITIL Foundation

Introduces the lifecycle of managing IT services to deliver business expectations.

You will find this term commonly used in IT Service Management

ITIL Service Operation

A stage in the ITIL Service Lifecycle focusing on the activities, processes, and infrastructure required for the ongoing management and operation of products and services.

You will find this term commonly used in IT Service Management, IT Governance

ITIL Service Strategy

Part of the ITIL framework that helps organizations design, develop, and implement service management, not only as an organizational capability but as a strategic asset. Guides in the development of service management policies, guidelines, and processes across the ITIL Service Lifecycle.

You will find this term commonly used in IT Service Management, IT Governance

ITIL Service Transition

Part of the ITIL framework that guides the development and transition of services from the design to the operation phase, ensuring changes are implemented smoothly and service quality is maintained.

You will find this term commonly used in IT Service Management, IT Governance

ITSM Framework

A structured approach to managing IT services, processes, and functions to ensure the efficient and effective delivery of IT services that meet business and customer needs.

You will find this term commonly used in IT Service Management, IT Governance

ITSM Tools

Software applications that support activities and processes in IT Service Management (ITSM). They enable organizations to manage incidents, problems, changes, and other aspects of IT management within a single system or suite of applications.

You will find this term commonly used in IT Service Management, General IT

IV&V (Independent Verification and Validation)

The process of checking that a product, service, or system meets specifications and that it fulfills its intended purpose. It is often used in critical systems, such as those in aerospace and defense.

You will find this term commonly used in Software Development, Quality Assurance

IV&V Testing

Independent Verification and Validation Testing, a process in software development where a third party evaluates the software product to ensure it meets specifications and standards, and is free from defects.

You will find this term commonly used in Development, Quality Assurance

IVR (Interactive Voice Response)

A technology that allows a computer to interact with humans through the use of voice and DTMF tones input via a keypad.

You will find this term commonly used in Networking, General IT

IVR System

Interactive Voice Response System, a technology that allows a computer to interact with humans through the use of voice and DTMF tones input via a keypad.

You will find this term commonly used in Telecommunications, Customer Service

IVR System Customization

The process of tailoring Interactive Voice Response (IVR) systems to fit specific business requirements, including custom messages, call routing, and integration with databases for personalized customer interactions.

You will find this term commonly used in Telecommunications, Customer Service

J2EE

An older, alternate name for Java EE, the Java Platform, Enterprise Edition.

You will find this term commonly used in Enterprise Computing, Java

J2EE (Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition)

A platform-independent, Java-centric environment for developing, building and deploying web-based enterprise applications.

You will find this term commonly used in Enterprise Computing, Software Development

J2ME (Java 2 Platform, Micro Edition)

A technology that allowed developers to create applications for mobile devices and embedded systems.

You will find this term commonly used in Mobile Development, Java

JAAS (Java Authentication and Authorization Service)

A Java package that enables services to authenticate and enforce access controls upon users.

You will find this term commonly used in Security, Software Development

JADE (Java Agent DEvelopment Framework)

A software framework to develop agent-based applications in compliance with the FIPA specifications for interoperable intelligent multi-agent systems.

You will find this term commonly used in AI, Software Development

Jakarta EE

The open-source future of the Java Platform, Enterprise Edition (Java EE), focusing on cloud-native Java enterprise applications.

You will find this term commonly used in Enterprise Computing, Cloud Computing

Jakarta Persistence

The Java API for managing persistence and object/relational mapping in Jakarta EE and Java SE environments.

You will find this term commonly used in Database Management, Java

JAM (JavaScript, API, and Markup)

A modern web development architecture based on client-side JavaScript, reusable APIs, and prebuilt Markup, aimed at faster and simpler web development.

You will find this term commonly used in Web Development

Jamstack

An architecture designed to make the web faster, more secure, and easier to scale, using client-side JavaScript, reusable APIs, and prebuilt Markup.

You will find this term commonly used in Web Development, Architecture

Java

A high-level, class-based, object-oriented programming language designed to have as few implementation dependencies as possible.

You will find this term commonly used in Programming, Software Development

Java API for WebSocket

Provides support for creating WebSocket applications.

You will find this term commonly used in Web Development, Java

Java Card

A technology that allows Java-based applications (applets) to be run securely on smart cards and similar small-memory devices.

You will find this term commonly used in Embedded Systems, Security

Java Class Loader

A part of the Java Runtime Environment that dynamically loads Java classes into the JVM during runtime.

You will find this term commonly used in Java, Software Development

Java ClassLoader

A part of the Java Runtime Environment that dynamically loads Java classes into the JVM. Different ClassLoaders are used for specific tasks, such as loading system classes or user-defined classes.

You will find this term commonly used in Java, Runtime Environment

Java Compiler API

An API provided by the Java platform for compiling Java programs from within Java applications.

You will find this term commonly used in Software Development, Compilers

Java Decompiler

A tool used to decompile and analyze Java applications. It converts compiled Java bytecode back into readable Java source code.

You will find this term commonly used in Software Development, Security

Java EE Containers

Runtime environments for executing enterprise software applications on the Java platform, managing the lifecycle of specific objects and their interactions.

You will find this term commonly used in Enterprise Computing, Java

Java Flight Recorder

A profiling tool built into the Java Virtual Machine that collects diagnostic and profiling data about a running Java application.

You will find this term commonly used in Performance Monitoring, Java

Java Flight Recorder (JFR)

A tool for collecting diagnostic and profiling data about a running Java application. It's part of the JDK and used for troubleshooting and performance analysis.

You will find this term commonly used in Java, Performance Analysis

Java Garbage Collection Tuning

The process of adjusting the parameters and behavior of the garbage collection process in the JVM to optimize application performance and memory usage.

You will find this term commonly used in Java, Performance Optimization

Java Garbage Collector

The process within the JVM that automatically frees memory by reclaiming spaces occupied by objects that are no longer in use.

You will find this term commonly used in Java, Memory Management

Java Generics

A language feature that allows type (classes and interfaces) to be parameters when defining classes, interfaces, and methods, enhancing type safety and reducing bugs.

You will find this term commonly used in Java, Software Development

Java KeyStore (JKS)

A repository of security certificates (either authorization or public key certificates) and private keys, used in Java for SSL encryption and authentication.

You will find this term commonly used in Java, Security

Java Management Extensions (JMX)

A Java technology that provides tools for managing and monitoring applications, system objects, devices, and service-oriented networks.

You will find this term commonly used in Java, Application Monitoring

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