IT Glossary - ITU Online IT Training
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IT Glossary
Key Terms To Know In The IT Industry

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Energy Harvesting

The process of collecting energy from external sources (e.g., solar power, thermal energy, wind energy, salinity gradients, and kinetic energy) and converting it into electrical energy for small, wireless autonomous devices.

You will find this term commonly used in Hardware, Sustainability

Energy Informatics

The study of computational methods and devices used to enhance energy efficiency and manage energy resources. Energy informatics covers technologies that monitor, analyze, and optimize energy consumption.

You will find this term commonly used in Sustainability, Information Systems

Energy Star

A program and certification created by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) that helps businesses and individuals save money and protect the climate through superior energy efficiency in electronic devices.

You will find this term commonly used in General IT, Sustainability

Energy Storage Management System

A technology used to manage the storage and distribution of energy, often in the context of renewable energy sources. It can involve the use of batteries, capacitors, and other methods to store energy for later use.

You will find this term commonly used in Green Technology, Sustainability

Energy-efficient Computing

Refers to the practice of using computing resources in a way that reduces energy consumption and environmental impact.

You will find this term commonly used in General IT, Hardware

Energy-Efficient Networking

Designing and implementing network devices and protocols that aim to reduce the energy consumption of network infrastructure and systems, contributing to sustainability and cost savings.

You will find this term commonly used in Networking, Sustainability

Engineered Systems

Integrated computing platforms that combine software, hardware, and storage optimized to deliver high performance for specific applications, such as databases and data analytics.

You will find this term commonly used in Hardware, Software Development

Enterprise Application

A large software system platform designed to operate in a corporate environment such as business or government. Enterprise applications are complex, scalable, component-based, distributed and mission critical.

You will find this term commonly used in IT Management, Software Development

Enterprise Application Integration (EAI)

The use of software and computer systems architectural principles to integrate a set of enterprise computer applications. It allows for data flow from one application to another within and outside of an organization.

You will find this term commonly used in Software Development, IT Management

Enterprise Architecture

A conceptual blueprint that defines the structure and operation of an organization with the aim to determine how an organization can most effectively achieve its current and future objectives.

You will find this term commonly used in General IT

Enterprise Architecture (EA)

A conceptual blueprint that defines the structure and operation of an organization. EA aims to determine how an organization can most effectively achieve its current and future objectives through IT strategy and infrastructure.

You will find this term commonly used in IT Management, Strategic Planning

Enterprise Architecture Framework (EAF)

A structured approach that provides an organized method for creating, maintaining, and using an enterprise architecture, which defines how an organization's business processes and IT infrastructure work together.

You will find this term commonly used in IT Management, Strategy

Enterprise Collaboration Platform

A centralized software platform that facilitates communication, collaboration, and content sharing among employees within an organization. These platforms often include tools for messaging, video conferencing, document sharing, and more.

You will find this term commonly used in Business Collaboration, IT Management

Enterprise Content Delivery Network (ECDN)

A private content delivery network designed to optimize the delivery of video and other content within an organization, reducing bandwidth usage and improving user experience.

You will find this term commonly used in Networking, IT Infrastructure

Enterprise Content Management (ECM)

Systems and strategies for managing an organization's documents and other content related to its processes. ECM tools and strategies allow the management of an organization's unstructured information, wherever that information exists.

You will find this term commonly used in Data Management

Enterprise Data Warehouse (EDW)

A centralized repository for all or significant parts of the data that an enterprise's various business systems collect. EDW is designed to facilitate reporting and analysis.

You will find this term commonly used in Data Management, Business Intelligence

Enterprise Mobility

The trend of businesses allowing employees to work remotely and use mobile devices and cloud services to perform business tasks. Enterprise mobility can improve productivity but also introduces security challenges.

You will find this term commonly used in IT Management, Mobile Computing

Enterprise Mobility Management (EMM)

Solutions designed for companies to securely enable employee use of mobile devices and applications, manage mobile computing devices, and integrate mobile into their IT infrastructure.

You will find this term commonly used in IT Management, Security

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)

Integrated management software systems designed to automate core business processes, such as finance, HR, manufacturing, and supply chain management. ERPs provide a unified view of business processes and enhance efficiency across an organization.

You will find this term commonly used in Business Management, IT Systems

Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Systems

Integrated management of main business processes, often in real-time and mediated by software and technology. ERP systems can drive efficiency and decision-making by centralizing data and processes.

You will find this term commonly used in IT Management, Business Processes

Enterprise Service Bus (ESB)

An Enterprise Service Bus (ESB) is a software architecture model used for designing and implementing communication between mutually interacting software applications in a service-oriented architecture (SOA). It acts as a middleman that handles data translation, message routing, and other integration tasks.

You will find this term commonly used in Software Development

Entity

In the context of databases, an entity is a thing or object of importance about which data can be stored. It represents a set of properties or attributes relevant to the database.

You will find this term commonly used in Data Management

Entity Framework

Entity Framework is an open-source object-relational mapping framework for ADO.NET, part of the .NET framework. It enables developers to work with data in the form of domain-specific objects and properties, without having to concern themselves with the underlying database tables and columns where this data is stored. This facilitates data manipulation and querying in .NET applications.

You will find this term commonly used in Software Development

Entity Framework (EF)

An open-source object-relational mapping (ORM) framework for ADO.NET, part of the .NET framework by Microsoft. It allows developers to work with data using .NET objects, reducing the need for most data access code.

You will find this term commonly used in Software Development

Entity Framework Core

A lightweight, extensible, open-source version of Entity Framework, Microsoft's object-relational mapping (ORM) framework for .NET. It allows developers to work with databases using .NET objects.

You will find this term commonly used in Software Development

Entity Relationship Diagram (ERD)

A graphical representation of entities and their relationships to each other, typically used in computing in regard to the organization of data within databases or information systems.

You will find this term commonly used in Data Management

Entity Relationship Model (ERM)

A conceptual representation of data objects, the relationships between different data objects, and the rules which govern these relationships, commonly used in database design.

You will find this term commonly used in Data Management, Software Development

Entity Resolution

The process of identifying, linking, and merging records that correspond to the same real-world entities across different databases or datasets, despite discrepancies in the information.

You will find this term commonly used in Data Management, Machine Learning

Entity-Attribute-Value Model (EAV)

A data model that is used to describe entities where the number of attributes (properties, parameters) that can be used to describe them is potentially vast, but the number that will actually apply to a given entity is relatively modest.

You will find this term commonly used in Database Design, Data Modeling

Entity-Component-System (ECS)

A software architectural pattern mostly used in game development and simulation systems. It's a method of managing objects and behaviors in a game engine by separating data from logic.

You will find this term commonly used in Software Development, Game Development

Entity-Relationship Model

The Entity-Relationship (ER) Model is a conceptual tool for data modeling. It represents real-world entities and the relationships between them, aiding in the design of databases.

You will find this term commonly used in Data Management

Entropy

In the context of information theory, entropy is a measure of the randomness or disorder within a system. It is used in computing to discuss the unpredictability of data and the efficiency of compression algorithms.

You will find this term commonly used in Data Management, Security

Entropy in Cryptography

A measure of randomness or unpredictability in a data set, used in cryptography to strengthen encryption methods by making them harder to crack. High entropy in cryptographic keys increases their security against brute force attacks.

You will find this term commonly used in Cybersecurity, Cryptography

Environment

In software development, an environment is a setup where software and applications are developed, tested, and deployed. It can include specific hardware, a software stack, configurations, and data.

You will find this term commonly used in Software Development

Environment Variable

A dynamic-named value that can affect the way running processes will behave on a computer. They are part of the environment in which a process runs, often used to pass configuration information to applications.

You will find this term commonly used in Software Development, Operating Systems

Environment Variables

A dynamic-named value that can affect the way running processes will behave on a computer. They are part of the environment in which a process runs.

You will find this term commonly used in Software Development

Environmental Control System

Systems used to monitor and manage the environmental conditions in data centers and other IT facilities, including temperature, humidity, and airflow to ensure optimal performance of IT equipment.

You will find this term commonly used in IT Management, Data Centers

Environmental Monitoring

In IT, environmental monitoring refers to the practice of tracking environmental conditions like temperature, humidity, and airflow in data centers and server rooms. This is crucial for ensuring the optimal performance and reliability of IT equipment.

You will find this term commonly used in General IT, Infrastructure

Environmental Sensing

The use of technology to detect and measure environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity, air quality, and light intensity, often employed in smart buildings, agricultural technology, and environmental monitoring.

You will find this term commonly used in IoT, Environmental Technology

Environmental Variable Management

The practice of managing and configuring the environmental variables in software development environments. These variables can influence the behavior of software applications and development tools.

You will find this term commonly used in Software Development, DevOps

Ephemeral Data

Temporary data that is created, used, and deleted in a short period of time. It often refers to encryption keys, session data, or any data that is meant to exist temporarily for security purposes.

You will find this term commonly used in Security, Data Management

Ephemeral Environment

A temporary deployment environment used for testing or previewing applications in a state close to production, without affecting the actual production environment. They are often automatically created and destroyed.

You will find this term commonly used in DevOps, Cloud Computing

Ephemeral Key

An ephemeral key is a temporary, short-lived cryptographic key used in secure communications. The use of ephemeral keys enhances security as they are discarded after a single use, reducing the risk of key compromise. They are commonly used in protocols like Diffie-Hellman key exchange.

You will find this term commonly used in Security, Cybersecurity

Ephemeral Keys

Temporary encryption keys used in secure communications that are discarded at the end of a session. Using ephemeral keys enhances security, as the keys cannot be reused for decrypting other communications if intercepted.

You will find this term commonly used in Cybersecurity, Cryptography

Ephemeral Messaging

Messaging systems where messages are only available for a short duration before they disappear from the recipient's device and are deleted from the server. It's a feature aimed at enhancing privacy and security in digital communications.

You will find this term commonly used in Digital Communication, Security

Ephemeral Ports

Temporary network ports assigned by a computer's operating system when establishing an Internet connection, used for the short duration of a communication session.

You will find this term commonly used in Networking

EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory)

A type of memory chip that retains its data when its power supply is switched off but can be erased and reprogrammed under certain conditions.

You will find this term commonly used in Hardware, Electronics

EPUB

A free and open e-book standard by the International Digital Publishing Forum (IDPF). Files have the extension .epub and are designed for reflowable content, meaning that the text display can be optimized for the particular display device.

You will find this term commonly used in Digital Media, Software Development

Equalization

In telecommunications, equalization is the process of adjusting the balance between frequency components within an electronic signal. It is used in different forms of communications and audio processing.

You will find this term commonly used in Networking, Audio/Video Technology

Equalization (EQ)

The process of adjusting the balance between frequency components within an electronic signal, commonly used in audio processing to adjust sound on various playback devices.

You will find this term commonly used in Audio/Video Technology, Hardware

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